DNHN - Vietnam has demonstrated a strong commitment to implementing a just and sustainable energy transition, with a pledge to achieve net-zero emissions by 2050.
To realize this goal, coal-fired power — a major source of emissions — is planned to be gradually phased out, making way for cleaner energy sources.
Coal power: Reduced share but not yet "phased out"
In the Revised Power Development Plan VII and the latest Power Development Plan VIII, coal power is projected to see a significant reduction in its share of the national energy mix. Specifically, under PDP VIII, by 2030, the total capacity of thermal power plants is expected to range from 65,440 to 80,370 MW, with coal-fired power accounting for approximately 31,055 MW — representing 13.1% to 16.9% of the total.
Coal-Fired Power Plant. Illustrative Image..
The continued use of coal power partly stems from its operational advantages: it offers stable output, is not weather-dependent, utilizes existing infrastructure, and has relatively low costs — especially when environmental costs are not fully accounted for. In addition, many coal power plants are operated by state-owned enterprises or large joint ventures, which provides certain institutional and regulatory conveniences.
However, experts caution that coal should only be viewed as a transitional solution. Without a clearly defined roadmap to reduce reliance on coal, Vietnam risks long-term consequences in terms of environmental degradation, public health concerns, and financial obligations under its international emissions reduction commitments.
Clean energy: Great potential, many challenges
Wind power is facing numerous obstacles in its development process..
While coal power still holds a significant share in Vietnam’s energy mix, renewable sources such as solar and wind are facing multiple development hurdles. First, the Feed-in Tariff (FIT) mechanism has expired, and a new, clear pricing policy to incentivize investors has yet to be introduced. Second, the current transmission infrastructure is not keeping pace with the rapid growth of renewable projects—particularly in high-potential areas such as the Central Highlands and the South-Central coastal region. Third, legal procedures related to planning, land use, and environmental assessments remain complex and time-consuming.
Energy transition requires action, not just vision
Power Development Plan VIII reflects a long-term vision for energy transition. However, more concrete and coordinated actions are needed—from both central and local authorities—to address bottlenecks in policy, regulation, and infrastructure.
Reducing the share of coal power is a step in the right direction. Yet, if clean energy sources cannot be developed in time, the resulting energy shortfall may be filled through increased electricity imports or a return to traditional power sources.
Therefore, saying “goodbye” to coal can only happen when clean energy is allowed to thrive meaningfully. Energy transition must go beyond planning documents—it must be realized through concrete actions, including investment support, infrastructure upgrades, streamlined procedures, and the implementation of attractive and transparent pricing mechanisms.
In the context of global energy transition becoming an irreversible trend, Vietnam has made remarkable strides in attracting investment in solar and wind power.
In Vietnam, renewable energy is not only a solution to ensure energy security and reduce greenhouse gas emissions but also a key driver of a green, clean, and sustainable economy.
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